peters



vlower educ of this metallic portion is dcntated and turned inward,

Letters Patent No. 80,631, dated August 4, 1868; antedatefl J'ztly 23,1.868.

IMPROVEMNT IN ARTESIAN PUMPS.

dige .tlgehltle nient tu tu tlgcse Enters ntcnt mit uniting pitt at tigesame.

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: y n

Be it known that I, LEWIS JENNINGS, of Brooklyn, in thc county of Kings,and State of New York, have invented a certain new and improved pump,which I term thn Artesian-Well Pump; and I do hereby declare that thefollowing is a full and exact description thereot. .Y

My pump is a lifting-pump; but, for the sake of convenience, I shall, inthe following description, call thc reciprocating part the plunger.

I will rst describe what I consider the best means of carrying out myinvention, and will afterwards dcsignate the points which `I believe tobe new therein.

The accompanyingdrawings form a part of this specification.

Figure 1 is a central vertical section through the entire pump, it beingunderstood that its length may be increased at pleasure, byincrensingthe length of the tube and connections.

Figure 2 represents the plunger or reciprocating part, with the upperportion of the work in which it is mounted. t l

Figure 3 is n. plan view.

Figure 4 is a view of thepacking, seen from below.

Figure 5 is a top view of the fleeting-cap detached from the otherparts.

' Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all thefigures where they occur.

A is the xed tube, which is driven down or otherwise introduced in thewell, which receives the fluid either through the open'bottom, orthrough the holes a, represented near the lower end. t

A is an enlarged head or top, in which the fluid is received, and A2 isa side spout, through which it is delivered. 4 i

B will be understood to indicate the whole of the plunger or thereciprocating part, the several details of which are indicated :by theirmarks. The lower portion is threaded, as indicated by B1, adapted toltake hold of the corresponding part Cl of thc lower box C of the pump,so as' to remove thelower box at will, in a, manner which will beobvious. l i v -Thc valve of the upperbox B is indicated hy I1.` p

The packing is indicated by D and E, and will be further describedbelow. p

In the interior of the plunger B, abovethe valve and packing, is a longcavity, B2, which serresv as an airchamher, contained within theA pumpand within the rod. In this the air is pressed by the force of thesuper-` Vincumbent; liuid, and the volume of the air in the vchamber B2becomes alternately lreduced and increased, to

facilitate-the variations in the force impressed, performing the samefunctions, in this respect, as in theordinary air-chambers of pumps,excepting "that ordinary air-chambers are .outside of the bearings ofthe pump, while this air'cha'mber is within the bearing.

B3 are passages, through which the water flows freely. v

The packing presents a metallic surface to the interior of the pipe A,while there is a packing of leather,

which makes the metallic packing tight. The metallic exterior iscylindricalin its general form, :and may bel described as a cutA tube,the form` of the cut being indicated very distinctly in the sideelevation, iig. 2. The

D `as indicated by d, and the whole is enclosed between collars in thefixed plunger B, as indicated in g. l. u

Within 'this' metallic packing D d. is a cup-leather, E, the lbwer edgeof which is confined firmly between collars in the fixed plunger B, asrepresented. The pressure of the water holds this leather outwardagainst the metallic portion, D, and prevents the leakage of the fluid,whilethe metallic enclosure protects the leather from wear. Thecup-leather E 'and the enclosing metallic portion, D, arc held outwardwith a force depcnding on the height of the column of water which isbeing pumped, the waterV being allowed access to the interior'ofthe'cup-leather E through the holes B4.

I provide a very cheap mode of disposing of the gas, which islfrequently troublesome in working artesian wells. M is a small pipe,fitted closely against the side of the main pipe A, and extending from apoint below the lowest descent of the plunger B to a point which isabove the packing, when the part B is in its highest sassi position. Itbends inwards, and communicates, through holes in thev pipe A, at eachcxtpemity. When the plunger is in itshighest or middle position, thepipe M is of no effect, but at the moment when the plunger B is in itsvery lowest position, therelis a free communication, through the pipe M,between the space below and the space above it. Through this passage thewater, Cdil, or other iuid will, for a briet period, descend freely,displacing the gas, and causing it to rise past the valve b, and toescape freely. vThe form and arrangement of the parts cause the gas torise up and supply the air-chamber B2, thus keeping it always stockedwith air'or gas.

I turn the plunger B so as to induce it and the tube Ato wear perfectlyround. I effect the revolution by a mechanism introduced at the top ofthe apparatus.

F is a lever, operated by hand or by any convenient power, which givesthe proper reciprocating motion to the plunger B, through the aidof theside-pieces Il I2, which are fixed by a swivel-piece, I, and cross-piaf.

B5 is a spiral feather or projection, which extends up and down thesurface'of the plunger B, and is fixed thereon. Its length somewhatexceeds the stroke oi' the part B.

G is a eeting-cap, recessed at one point, to match the feather B5,enclosing the uppervportion of the part B, as represented. It is mountedin a fixed framing in the head A3 of the fixed portion, A, of the-pump,so that it is free to risc and sink a little distance. It is preventedfrom sinking too low by the top flange Gl, and is prevented from risingtoo high by the bottom flange G2. The side of the upper flange Gl istoothed, as indicated, and the upper surface of the top pie-ce A@ iscorrespondingly toothed. Now, when the partB is elevatcd,the friction issuiiicient to lift the fleeting-cap G Gl Gr2 to its fullest extent,which liftsthe teeth of the ieeting-cap outl of the teeth of the toppiece A3, and leaves-the iiecting-cap free to revolve, which it docs bythe action of a spiral feather, B5, before described. This feather,sliding through the 'corresponding notch in the ileeting-cap, turns thecap so that it performs some fraction of a revolution at each ascent. Sesoon as the plunger B and its connections commence to descend, themotion brings the fleeting-cap down, so that its teeth lock with theteeth .of the top piece A3, and it is now prevented from turning, whilethe action ofthe spiral feather B5, being unable to effect the turningof the ileeting-cap, is compelled to turn the entire plunger B. Aswivel-joint is provided at the top, so that the plunger B may turnindependently of the side pieces; a construction which will be readilyunderstood by mechanics A' My air-chamber, arranged within the plungerB, nearthe bottom of the well, is close to the point w-lIerc the pumpingis effected, and may be made as capacious as desired by extending itsvertical dimensions.

My arrangement of the parts and passages for catching the gas in theair-chamber'provides against-the ywell-known diiiicultics accruing inthe gradual absorption of air or gas by water or other liquids underpressure.

My packing is more desirable than ordinary packing, is tight, and ispressed outward with more force, when it is'required to be tightened,during the lifting-action, lbecause pressure on its -interior isincreased by the inertia of the column of water to be lifted.

My fleeting-cap G and its connections, by turning the entire plunger atevery stroke, insurea very uniform wear and a tight fit of the parts,with little friction; and my vent, M, is a very cheap and eicient modeof providing for the descent of water or other liquids, passingto'either box, to displace the gas. I am aware that expensive andcomplicated constructions have been proposed with this view, and Iattach importance mainly to the facility and economy with which my owncan be constructed and applied. y

I esteem it important to form the hard portion, D, of my packing withone or more horizontal steps or offsets, d', as shown, so that the edgeswill fit tightly at those points at all times, however the packing mayopen and vclose atether points. i

Bymaking the internal flange d, at'the base ofthe packing D, in separatetents or teeth, as represented, I insure an ellicient hold on the bodyof the box, to prevent the packing from'becoming displaced vertically,while the lateral stiffness of the packing is not materially increased.p f

Without the hard 'exterior D, my packing would not serve, becauseordinary soft packing would be c utin pieces in passing across the holewhere the top of the pipe M connects, and without the several featuresof the details, or some equivalent, the 'combination of hard-and softpacking, as arranged, would involve many didiculties. l i v It willvbeobserved that my ieeting-cap GGl G2, and the spirally-ribbcd plunger BB5, operating'as described, with the toothed cap or fleeting-cap A3,have the effect to turn the plunger-rod, at cach reciprocation, in thedirection required to keep the sections of the plunger tightly screwedtogether, as well as to continually change the position of the `joints,&e., and thus induce a uniform wear of the pump.

`l-Iavin'g new fully described my invention, what I claim as new, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, in pumps adapted for .deep wells, isas follows: g l' 1. I claim the within-described construction andarrangement of the-packing D d E, thc same being composed of the softand water-.retaining cup-leather E, and the hard and expansibleexterior, D, the latter being in the form of a ring or hollow cylinder,open' on one side, with one or more oifsets, cZ, at the joint, all theseseveral parts being constructed and arranged, relatively to each otherand to the box B and barrel A, substantially as and for the purposeherein set forth.

2. I claim the partial spiral or incline B5, and correspondingratchet-ring Gl G2, arranged as represented, the ring Gl G2 beingallowed to traverse axially within the yoke or enclosing-ring A3, and tolool. itself in new relations thereon as the bucket B descends,substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses.

, LEWIS JENNINGS.

Witnesses: y

RIen'D S. DnMrLr, JAMES E. DEMILT.

